Earthquake happens when the ground is shaking due to an abrupt shift of rock along a fracture in the Earth (Anon1, http://www.earthquake.usgs.gov). The impact of earthquake was felt in many countries. Earthquake can damages the infrastructures and make loss of livelihood (Vatsa, 2001). The important thing is how to recovery the victim of this natural disaster. I think that relocated should be done to the cities located in high-risk earthquake areas despite opposition based on economic and historic reasons.
The first, earthquake damages the infrastructures. "Shaking and ground rupture are the main effects created by earthquakes, principally resulting in more or less severe damage to buildings or other rigid structures" (Anon2, http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake). The earthquakes may displace the surface of the earth along the trace of the fault. This main effects are breaking the important infrastructures, such as buildings, roads, bridges, dams, and so on.
Secondly, earthquake makes loss of livelihood. Earthquake may damages the center of life, such as disease-makers, corrupt the basic necessities, and even makes loss of lifes . Most of them lost their houses, properties, and tools and they are likely face the bleak days after the earthquakes (Vatsa, 2001). This changes of built environment are traumatic for the victims (Thorp, 2006). This disaster is dangerous for societies who lives in the high-risk earthquake areas.
In fact, in recent years, the number of major earthquakes per year is actually decreased, although this is likely a statistical fluctuation (Vatsa, 2001). In general, Government always keeps the victim areas and then make the rehabilitation there. Many reasons as the basics, like economics, politics, culturals, and so on. It is not just the policy of Government, but also the wish of the societies because they have historical experiences with their cities. To solve the high-risk from the earthquake, Government must take the fast decision. One of the decision is relocation. The damages above can be the consideration to deal with that decision.
In conclusion, earthquake is a high-risk natural disaster in the world. Many things can losses because of this disaster. The Government must have the policy to relocated the cities located in high-risk earthquake areas despite opposition based on economic and historic reason.
References :
Today's Earthquake Fact. U.S. Geological Survey Home Page. (2008, February 6) [Online Article]. Retrieved March 19, 2008 from the World Wide Web:http://www.earthquake.usgs.gov
Vatsa, K.S. (2001, March 16). A Reconnaissance Report Identification of Priority Issues. [Online Journal]. Retrieved March 19, 2008 from the World Wide Web : http://www.drmonline.net/drmlibrary/gujarat.htm
Earthquake. Wikipedia, Free Encyclopedia Home Page. (2007, December) [Online Article]. Retrieved March 19, 2008 from the World Wide Web:http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake
Thorp, S.M. (2006). Intergrating Historic Preservation and Disaster Management. [Online Journal]. Retrieved March 19, 2008 from the World Wide Web : http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/18/
Showing posts with label Task 5. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Task 5. Show all posts
Friday, April 4, 2008
Waste Energy Electricity as an alternative solution for Bandung waste problem
Since 2005, garbage has become problem in
Waste energy electricity is more effective than other methods such as open dumping or sanitary landfill. Waste energy electricity technically can operate until 25 years. It also allow us to reduce volume of garbage in high rate, 20,8 ton/hours (Pasek, D.A, 2007). Furthermore, waste energy electricity occupies less area. In contrast, Sanitary landfill or open dumping did not allow us to reduce volume of garbage and it needs larger and new area continuously each time the former is full.
Beside its effectiveness, waste energy electricity also has several advantages. First, we can produce electricity from that technology (An, 2008), thus sustaining our own electricity needs. Second, the residue from that process could be use for building materials. Third, we can get income from selling electricity, certified emission reduction, and waste management.
The effectiveness and advantages of waste energy electricity are the factors why many countries are applying this method. High rate in the reduction of waste volume and the profit prospect from selling electricity make this method preferable and has been proven to be successful. Hopefully, by applying this method,
References:
Anonim. (2008). Waste to Energy. [Online article]. Retrieved
Correlations between Western Lifestyle and Heart Disease [extended]
By Ibnu Purniawan (10205039)
Heart disease is one of killing factors in the world. Heart disease is not a genetically based disease. Basically, this caused by our daily activity that’s called lifestyle. Heart diseases were attacking the Western populations with bigger victims than Eastern population (about 31% of death). This has been placed in the number one killing factor in USA. So I think, Western populations are having higher risk attacked by heart problems. Western populations with their modern lifestyle make the problems become more serious. In other side, the western lifestyle also become the most leading risk factor of heart disease in others society.
Western Culture may help to explain Western populations risk about heart problems. The culture is about what their consumptions (diet) and daily activity (exercise). Based on their culture, western society is taking more cholesterol, nicotine, and alcohol in their consumptions. It becomes worst by lack of exercise and higher rate of stress. All of those factors are some of risk factors those scientists believe can cause heart disease. For example, “Geographic pathology shows that adult populations with a high regular intake of milk (non-low fat), such as was customary in Scandinavia and in part of the Western world, has a higher risk of heart disease” (John H. Weisburger. 2004).
Heart disease is a phenomenon of a 'Western' lifestyle, associated with malnutrition, in the sense of poor dietary habits, lack of exercise and the use of drugs such as nicotine and alcohol. Western as a leader in modern lifestyle is likely hard to stop their unhealthy lifestyle. The shadow effect is like these data’s. Based on some researchers, “ fifty-six million American women have high cholesterol, 33% of women have high blood pressure, and 62% of women are overweight ”(David Cowley). I also found that “ According to national surveys of alcohol consumption in the prior 30 days, over half of U.S. adults drank alcohol. Furthermore, approximately 5% of the total population drank heavily and 15% of the population engaged in binge drinking ”(anon. www.thecommunityguide.org/alcohol/). These are just little examples that mean they have higher risk.
As we know, Western Society is a leader in heart disease prevention too. But, the fruits of their effort have risen yet. They will be never getting it until they leaving their unhealthy lifestyle. Although they are developing some high technology to cure this, it’s become uses less.
Based on Western lifestyle has contributed to heart disease risk factor in the whole world, especially in eastern society which has acculturated with western culture. China with a large population is the match example. This acculturation can be attributed to the changing lifestyle in China. “Younger people and children eat more unhealthy Western style food and because of increasing wealth, take less exercise. In the past, children in China would have to walk long distances to school but now in the cities it is often the case that parents drive their children to school” (Phil Slocombe. 2007). The indirect effect is the overweight people become higher.
Finally, Heart disease is a phenomenon of a 'Western' life style, associated with malnutrition, in the sense of poor dietary habits, lack of exercise and the use of drugs such as nicotine and alcohol consumption. So, “making changes in our unhealthy lifestyle is a proven method for reducing our risk of developing heart disease. While there are no guarantees that a heart-healthy lifestyle will keep heart disease away, these changes will certainly improve our health in other ways, such as improving our physical and emotional well being. Also, because some risk factors are related to others, making changes in one area can benefit other areas” (Robert J Bryg. 2006). (<>.<>)
References
Excessive Alcohol Consumption. [Online article]. Retrieved April 3, 2008 from World wide web: http:// www.thecommunityguide.org/alcohol/.
Interview with Dr. Caldwell Esselstyn, Jr (by the Cleveland Medical Journal). 2003. Coronary Heart Improvement Project; Coronary Plaque Meltdown . Lifestyle Medicine Institute. 11,29. Pdf Version Retrieved April 3, 2008 from World wide web : www.chipusa.org/downloads/Section11_2832.pdf
John H. Weisburger.2004 Lifestyle, health and disease prevention: the underlying mechanisms. [Online article]. Retrieved April 3, 2008 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FDL/is_2_11/ai_n17207265.
David Cowley. Women and Heart Disease.[Online Article]. Retrieved April 3, 2008 from world wide web: http://hubpages.com/hub/Women-and-Heart-Disease.
Phil slocombe.( Nov 15, 2007). Western Life Style Puts Chinese Children at Risk. [Online article]. Retrieved April 3, 2008 from World wide web: http://my.telegraph.co.uk/phil_slocombe/november_2007/western_lifestyle_puts_chinese_children_at_risk.htm.
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