Task: Abstract

Identify Fruit Fly on Hot Pepper

Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) especially Bactrocera spp. was a serious insect pest for many fruits and vegetables in Indonesia. Yield losses due to this pest was about 70 percent. The objective of this research was to identify of Bactrocera spp. species from hot pepper. This experiment was conducted at Lembang, West Java and continued in the laboratory. Randomized Completely Block Design in Factorial was used in this experiment. Manual identification key Cabikey (White and Hancock 1997) used to identify the sample.

Keywords: fruit fly, pest, species identification, hot pepper, Bactrocera

Mutia Ardelia (10604054)

economical analysis: solar cells and bio-ethanol

Energy has an important role for the economy of the society. This paper describes how the renewable energy affects the economy. This development has been seen in German and Japan, whereas people use solar cells for electricity and in United States whereas people use their lands for corn harvesting. Every kind of renewable energy has its own characteristic. Therefore it is important to study how the efficiency of renewable energy affects the economy and how to gain its maximum efficiency. Solar cells are mostly made of silicon, and the fabrication of photovoltaic cells is not cheap, while bio-ethanol needs a massive area for harvesting. People will begin to use solar cells only if the cost is in the range of people buying power. The price of the corn will be decreasing if they are over-populated such as what has happened in United States. Energy cannot be produced; it can only be converted into another kind of energy. Photovoltaic cells are the basis of a solar cells, which made by certain semiconductor material such as silicon and gallium arsenide. Each material has its own characteristic. While bio-ethanol can be produced from corn, but in some countries corn is part from their food supplies. Therefore, the lands for harvesting corn have to be divided.