The Factors Increased Risk for Heart Disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains that the leading cause of Western mortality. Scientists have the fact that heart disease occur in persons apparantly free of factors such as high blood presure, smoking, and high cholesterol. The accounts for these heart disease may lie not merely in physiology but in behavior. In the last 30 years, scientists has held steadfastly to the hypothesis that the way people think, feel, and act as they cope with the daily stresses of life can have a profound effect on their hearts. These researchers have discerned common traits, behavioral responses, and stress reactions that appear to be associated with increased risk for heart disease.

In Western, the unhealthy common traits or lifestyle is one of the factors which increased risk for the heart disease. For example, their habits like consume the junk food which have higher level of cholestherol. Beside that, they also use the nicotine and alcohol for drugs. They consume the unhealthy food and lack of exercises. And it can affect the high blood presure, obesity, diabetes, and so on which can contribute the heart disease.

Behavioral response from the people have an important role to keep the heart feel normal or not. A person faced with a particular situation assesses it to determine whether it calls for anything special, that is, he or she interprets the event. These mental responses lead the individual to take the action the situation requires. This behavioral response may be calm or, if the situation is perceived as highly demanding and upsetting, it may be associated with negative emotions such as irritation or anxiety.How people response something influence the heart beat. So, if we response too emotional or the others negative sign, it can affect the heart disease.

And the last is stress reactions. Stress reactions have the same main idea with the behavioral response. The stress hormones cause the heart to pump harder and faster. If the blockage in the coronary arteries is severe enough, the heart may reach a point where its work cannot be supported by the amount of blood that can pass through them. Moreover, while thestress hormones cause a normal, healthy artery to dilate—that is, open wider to allow more blood to pass—they may cause an artery that is diseased by
blockage to constrictor become narrower, reducing the flow of blood even further. As an example, when the blockage reaches 90 percent, the constriction caused by the stress hormones during a stress response and the blood platelets mobilized by the hormones during this response can actually cause the remaining 10 percent to be closed off, resulting in a heart attack.

In conclusion, the accounts for heart disease is not just in physiology but in behavior. The factors which increased the risk for heart disease is common traits, behavioral response and stress reactions. Stress in itself is not necessarily a negative condition; in fact, it can have positive effects, giving individuals an added “edge” to do their best in challenging situations. But it can be detrimental if it is not handled
properly.

Heart Disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains that the leading cause of Western mortality. Scientists have the fact that heart disease occur in persons apparantly free of factors such as high blood presure, smoking, and high cholesterol. The accounts for these heart disease may lie not merely in physiology but in behavior. In the last 30 years, scientists has held steadfastly to the hypothesis that the way people think, feel, and act as they cope with the daily stresses of life can have a profound effect on their hearts. These researchers have discerned common traits, behavioral responses, and stress reactions that appear to be associated with increased risk for heart disease.

In Western, the unhealthy common traits or lifestyle is one of the factors which increased risk for the heart disease. For example, their habits like consume the junk food which have higher level of cholestherol. Beside that, they also use the nicotine and alcohol for drugs. They consume the unhealthy food and lack of exercises. And it can affect the high blood presure, obesity, diabetes, and so on which can contribute the heart disease.

Behavioral response from the people have an important role to keep the heart feel normal or not. A person faced with a particular situation assesses it to determine whether it calls for anything special, that is, he or she interprets the event. These mental responses lead the individual to take the action the situation requires. This behavioral response may be calm or, if the situation is perceived as highly demanding and upsetting, it may be associated with negative emotions such as irritation or anxiety.How people response something influence the heart beat. So, if we response too emotional or the others negative sign, it can affect the heart disease.

And the last is stress reactions. Stress reactions have the same main idea with the behavioral response. The stress hormones cause the heart to pump harder and faster. If the blockage in the coronary arteries is severe enough, the heart may reach a point where its work cannot be supported by the amount of blood that can pass through them. Moreover, while thestress hormones cause a normal, healthy artery to dilate—that is, open wider to allow more blood to pass—they may cause an artery that is diseased by
blockage to constrictor become narrower, reducing the flow of blood even further. As an example, when the blockage reaches 90 percent, the constriction caused by the stress hormones during a stress response and the blood platelets mobilized by the hormones during this response can actually cause the remaining 10 percent to be closed off, resulting in a heart attack.

In conclusion, the accounts for heart disease is not just in physiology but in behavior. The factors which increased the risk for heart disease is common traits, behavioral response and stress reactions. Stress in itself is not necessarily a negative condition; in fact, it can have positive effects, giving individuals an added “edge” to do their best in challenging situations. But it can be detrimental if it is not handled
properly.

Heart Disease

Heart disease is a serious problem in western country. In 2007, it is leading the cause of death in United States, England and Wales. Almost 700.000 people die of heart disease in United States alone. The studies, focusing on different populations totaling about half a million people, indicate that roughly 90% of people with severe heart disease have one or more of four classic risk factors: smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure.

That four risk factor caused by unhealthy life (being lifestyle for most American) then make the heart work abnormal. Smoking make the heart work hard because the blood be involved with poison from the cigarettes. Eating unhealthy food like fast food or instant food increasing cholesterol, fat and diabetes. Plus lack of exercise make the possibility raise by attacked of heart disease. All of the source is unhealthy lifestyle. Many people feels hard to leave their bad lifestyle, but life with a health way always possible to every people and depend on awareness of each people self.

People can reduce the risk of heart disease with four steps:

1. 1. Control the blood pressure

2. 2. Lower the cholesterol

3. 3. Do not smoke

4. 4. Get enough exercise

The Heart Disease

If you're like most people, you think that heart disease is a problem for other folks. But heart disease is the number one killer in the U.S. Heart disease can attack everyone. Heart Disease kills women and man.

If you’re women, you must be carefull about heart disease. Actually heart disease is the leading cause of death of women in the United States. In fact, heart disease kills almost twice as many women in the United States. A recent study shows that only 57% of women realize that heart disease is the one cause of death among women.

More statistics - There are differences between women and men in survival after a heart attack. 42% of women who have heart attacks will die within 1 year. However, only 24% of men who have a heart attack will die within 1 year. This may be because women usually get heart disease about 10 years later in life than men.

Many factors may contribute to heart disease. Heart disease in men and women can be controlled and helped by control your cholesterol because high cholesterol is a top risk factor regarding heart disease in men and women., stop smoking, sport, and doing anything wih happy.

---Erqurani HM (10604076)

Task 3

Heart Disease

Heart disease is a hypernym for many kind of different types diseases that affect the heart. Some types of common heart disease are coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, stroke, and congenital heart disease.

Heart disease is a disease that causing death for both men and women all over the world. The risk factor that contribute to this disease is unhealthy lifestyle, like workaholic, smoking both active or passive, consuming high cholesterol food, drinking alcohol, stress, less of exercise

Now a days, heart disease is the leading cause of death in western society. Like we can see in America, American heart association estimated that 80,700,000 American adults which means one in three have one or more types of cardiovascular disease, 16,000,000 (about 8,700,000 men and 7,300,000 women) Among adults age 20 and older, get the coronary heart disease, and 5,800,000 (about 2,300,000 males and 3,400,000 females) among adults age 20 and older, are stroke. These all happened because the lifestyle of the western society is supporting the risk factor of heart disease.

Annisa Ramdhaningtias (10604080)

Risk Factors for the Heart Disease

Risk factors for the Heart Disease
Extensive clinical and statistical studies have identified several factors that increase the risk of coronary heart disease and heart attack. Major risk factors are those that research has shown significantly increase the risk of heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. Other factors are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but their significance and prevalence haven't yet been precisely determined. They're called contributing risk factors. Some of them can be modified, treated or controlled, and some can’t.
These following paragraphs discuss the major risk factors we can modify, treat or control by changing your lifestyle or taking medicine.
Tobacco smoke — Smokers' risk of developing coronary heart disease is 2–4 times that of nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking is a powerful independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary heart disease; smokers have about twice the risk of nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking also acts with other risk factors to greatly increase the risk for coronary heart disease. People who smoke cigars or pipes seem to have a higher risk of death from coronary heart disease (and possibly stroke) but their risk isn't as great as cigarette smokers'. Exposure to other people's smoke increases the risk of heart disease even for nonsmokers.
High blood cholesterol — As blood cholesterol rises, so does risk of coronary heart disease. When other risk factors (such as high blood pressure and tobacco smoke) are present, this risk increases even more. A person's cholesterol level is also affected by age, sex, heredity and diet.
High blood pressure — High blood pressure increases the heart's workload, causing the heart to thicken and become stiffer. It also increases your risk of stroke, heart attack, kidney failure and congestive heart failure. When high blood pressure exists with obesity, smoking, high blood cholesterol levels or diabetes, the risk of heart attack or stroke increases several times.
Physical inactivity — An inactive lifestyle is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Regular, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity helps prevent heart and blood vessel disease. The more vigorous the activity, the greater your benefits. However, even moderate-intensity activities help if done regularly and long term. Physical activity can help control blood cholesterol, diabetes and obesity, as well as help lower blood pressure in some people.
Obesity and overweight — People who have excess body fat — especially if a lot of it is at the waist — are more likely to develop heart disease and stroke even if they have no other risk factors. Excess weight increases the heart's work. It also raises blood pressure and blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and lowers HDL ("good") cholesterol levels. It can also make diabetes more likely to develop. Many obese and overweight people may have difficulty losing weight. But by losing even as few as 10 pounds, you can lower your heart disease risk.
Diabetes mellitus — Diabetes seriously increases your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Even when glucose (blood sugar) levels are under control, diabetes increases the risk of heart disease and stroke, but the risks are even greater if blood sugar is not well controlled. About three-quarters of people with diabetes die of some form of heart or blood vessel disease. If you have diabetes, it's extremely important to work with your healthcare provider to manage it and control any other risk factors you can.
These following paragraphs discuss the major risk factors that can't be controlled.
Increasing age — Over 83 percent of people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 or older. At older ages, women who have heart attacks are more likely than men are to die from them within a few weeks.
Male sex (gender) — Men have a greater risk of heart attack than women do, and they have attacks earlier in life. Even after menopause, when women's death rate from heart disease increases, it's not as great as men's.
Heredity (including Race) — Children of parents with heart disease are more likely to develop it themselves. African Americans have more severe high blood pressure than Caucasians and a higher risk of heart disease. Heart disease risk is also higher among Mexican Americans, American Indians, native Hawaiians and some Asian Americans. This is partly due to higher rates of obesity and diabetes. Most people with a strong family history of heart disease have one or more other risk factors. Just as you can't control your age, sex and race, you can't control your family history. Therefore, it's even more important to treat and control any other risk factors you have.
These following paragraphs discuss the other factors contribute to heart disease risk
Individual response to stress may be a contributing factor. Some scientists have noted a relationship between coronary heart disease risk and stress in a person's life, their health behaviors and socioeconomic status. These factors may affect established risk factors. For example, people under stress may overeat, start smoking or smoke more than they otherwise would.
Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure, cause heart failure and lead to stroke. It can contribute to high triglycerides, cancer and other diseases, and produce irregular heartbeats. It contributes to obesity, alcoholism, suicide and accidents.The risk of heart disease in people who drink moderate amounts of alcohol (an average of one drink for women or two drinks for men per day) is lower than in nondrinkers. One drink is defined as 1-1/2 fluid ounces (fl oz) of 80-proof spirits (such as bourbon, Scotch, vodka, gin, etc.), 1 fl oz of 100-proof spirits, 4 fl oz of wine or 12 fl oz of beer. It's not recommended that nondrinkers start using alcohol or that drinkers increase the amount they drink.

Risk factors for the Heart Disease

Factors causing heart disease in western society

Heart disease is a structural or functional abnormality of cardiovascular system, which might be caused of several factors. Those factors can be divided into two major factors such as behavioral risk factors and unavoidable risk factors. Behavioral risk factors associated with heart disease such as; fatty diet, lack of exercise, alcohol consume and smoking. On the other hand, aging and family history are unavoidable risk factor. This assay will discuss the factors that may associate with heart disease in western society.

In the western society, scientists found heart disease were mainly due to behavioral risk factors. People who normally haven’t a heart disease risk genetically, nevertheless take daily risks by smoking or eating unhealthily. Eating unhealthy diet on which contain high cholesterol may increase the risk of vascular disease, due to the ability of cholesterol to clog arteries. Similar to lack of exercise, it can cause heart disease in which associate with accumulation of the cholesterol. Smoking also increases the risk of stroke by 50 percent attributable to coronary heart failure. In addition, heavy drinking can damage heart muscles in which distract the process of pumping blood.

Although, heart disease was associated mainly with behavioral risk, a strong family history of heart disease and age factor still put a patient at high risk. For example, a woman does exercise every day and careful about her diet, nevertheless she got heart attack in 43 years old. It might be caused of inherited genetically from both of her parents. Then, scientists have identified that age also be part of the cause heart disease. In addtion, the probability of stroke increases as people get older, with those over age 65 at greatest risk.

Nevertheless, some scientists believe that stress reactivity plays an important key role in development of heart disease. They inquired the fact that many heart attacks occur in persons apparently free of risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking and high cholesterol. They assumed that undeniably stressful condition of western society might contribute in causing heart disease. These could be explained by excessive unleashed of hormones and fatty fuels during stress response give rise to high blood pressure thus increased the risk of cardiovascular disease.

In conclusion, all the factors that increase the blood cholesterol and blood pressure, associated with heart disease. The factors may affect so much for some people, but may be those don’t give any effect for the others. Furthermore, people can decrease the risk of heart disease by keeping their healthy life style.

Heart Disease in Western Society.

Based on a research, heart disease have caused more than 60 million deaths in America. According to health experts, heart disease can be caused by many factors such as cigarettes, diabetes, obesity, cholesterol, gender and genetics. But, the major factor is bad lifestyle especially related to eating and working habit.

Western societies are hard workers, discipline and workaholics. They really appreciate professionalism. Their work habit is ignoring their health. Sometimes, to fulfill work target, they often forget having lunch, rest and are under pressure. They always eat same lunch which is containing high cholesterol. Because of this life style, they have high risk to get heart disease.

The best solution to prevent heart disease in western societies is changing their lifestyle. First is changing eating habit. They must have breakfast, lunch and dinner on time and the menus should be different each time, containing enough macro and micronutrient and less cholesterol. They also have to avoid cigarettes and alcohol. Then to prevent overweight they should have regular physical exercises, minimum twice a week.

In conclusion, we must be care about our health even though we are very busy and have so many jobs. Eat on time with health menu, don’t be stress, do physical exercise regularly, far away from smoking and alcohol are the solution to prevent heart disease in Western society.

Heart Disease

Heart disease is a number one killer at United States, disorder that kills many people more than a number of war victims in the world. It is killing one person every 34 second in the United States. As of 2007, it is the leading cause of death also in England and Wales.

Heart disease is a term use to mention a heart disorder. In fact, heart disease not only involves the heart, but also blood vessels. There are many different forms of heart disease. Coronary heart disease is a disease of the heart caused by the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium. Cardiomyopathy is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium for any reason. Cardiovascular disease is a specific disease that affects the heart itself and the blood vessel system, especially the veins and arteries leading to and from the heart. Ischaemic heart disease is another disease of the heart itself, characterized by reduced blood supply to the organ. Heart failure, also called congestive heart failure (CHF), and congestive cardiac failure (CCF), is a condition that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body. Hypertensive heart disease, heart disease caused by high blood pressure, especially localized high blood pressure. Inflammatory heart disease involves inflammation of the heart muscle and/or the tissue surrounding it. Valvular heart disease is any disease process involving one or more valves of the heart.

Some people are born with heart disease. You will have a greater chance of having heart disease if a close relative has had it, especially brothers, sisters, or parents. The chances could increase significantly if more than one close relative has had heart disease. For example, African Americans have more severe high blood pressure than Caucasians and a higher risk of heart disease.

Heart disease kills a lot of American because of their life style. American loves fast food. It is not a god diet. It might be contain a lot of cholesterol. As blood cholesterol rises, so does risk of coronary heart disease. Fast food also causes obesity and overweight. People who have excess body fat are more likely to develop heart disease and stroke even if they have no other risk factors. Excess weight increases the heart's work. It also raises blood pressure and blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and lowers HDL or good cholesterol levels.

Another factors that might be caused a heart disease are tobacco smoke and alcohol. Smokers' risk of developing coronary heart disease is 2–4 times that of nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking is a powerful independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary heart disease. Exposure to other people's smoke could increases the risk of heart disease even for nonsmokers. Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure, cause heart failure and lead to stroke. The risk of heart disease in people who drink moderate amounts of alcohol is lower than in nondrinkers.

The chances of having a heart attack could be reduce by knowing the risk factors for heart disease. We might be do a health life style by stop smoking, doing enough exercises, and taking a medical check up regularly to control the blood pressure and cholesterol.

Mutia Ardelia (10604054)

Solar Cell for our daily electricity source

In our daily life, there are many kinds of electric device such as lamp, radio, television, computer, etc. Those devices need an electric source, without electric source it won’t work properly. In Indonesia there are some places that still don’t have an electric source, because those places too far from the electric station. So people who lives there can’t feel the benefit from using electric device, it is so pity. In Indonesia there are some cities that can’t use the electricity 24hours/day, because electric source is limited. It became limited because the energy source can’t produce electric source as much as people need. So people need to find an alternative energy source that can produce electric source.

There are so many energy alternative that already researched by scientists such as a Solar Cell. Solar Cell can absorb sunbeam and convert it into an electric current. Because of that we can say that Solar Cell is one of the electric source energy. Solar cell can produce more electricity if it gets more sunbeams. So the use of solar cell is more convenient in area that has much of sunbeams. As we know that Indonesia is located in equator line, so it is profitable for us to use solar cell as an electric source for our daily life.

However the efficiency of solar cell still low it can only convert 20-30% the energy of the sunbeam into electricity, it should develop to increase the efficiency. Not only that, the making of solar cell is difficult. For now on, the price of solar cell is still higher than we use conventional electric reactor such as PLN.

Conclusion, Solar cell can be use for an alternative energy, and it is very convenient for using in Indonesia, because Indonesia is located in equator line so it have much sunbeam. Even though it still needs more development for the efficiency, but it is a good alternative energy.

BASIC SCIENCE vs APPLIED SCIENCE. Which one is worthier?

In most of industries, there is always a research and development (R&D) division. Most of them are funded by their government (public support), their own company or by another sponsors (private support). Regarding the big amount of money needed by the division, comes an industry which names research evaluation industry. The main job of the research evaluation industry is to decide whether the R&D’s scientific research are worthwhile to do, because their sponsors are looking for profit of their own investment. However, most of people still believe that the profit can be achieved only if the research has practical applications. I believe, that theoretical scientific research is not only worthwhile if it only has practical applications for industry and society as a whole. Even tough, applied science seems more realistic for the society compare to basic science; theoretical scientific research.

Firstly, there are slight differences among basic science (theoretical scientific research) and applied science. Basic science is truly motivated by curiosity, while applied science is designed to answer specific questions. Therefore, basic science is more like creating a ‘new method’, while applied science is developing the ‘old method’. By this definition, it will be clear that basic science will lead to satisfy curiosity and fundamental understanding of mankind. In the other hand, applied science will lead to individual products and hence generate economic returns—this is the common reason why does theoretical scientific research is only worthwhile if it has practical applications.

Moreover, the economic argument above stresses applied science as a form of investment for the future, and raises the questions of what the rate of return on such investment is, while people neglect the role of basic science as a creating the ‘new method’.

In conclusion, theoretical scientific research exists because the need of curiosity, while applied science exists because the need of real and useful products. The economic sentiment drive us to concern more about the applied science, but we cant stop and forget the development of basic science as a true and natural habit to understand things around us. Also, basic science offer a lot of benefits such as expanding the knowledge, developing new techniques, training in problem-solving, etc.

how virus infect its host ?

How virus infect the host? This is one of the question that people want to know. This question could answered by a virus named bacteriaphage. Bacteriaphage is the virus which is not infect human, animal or plant cell. This virus found by two scientist, Frederick W Twort and Felix d'Herelle. Because of their invented people more understand about virus and how its infect the cell. bacteriaphage has a simple structure and its host bacteria , for example Eschereria coli also has a simple structure if we compare to the animal or plant cells.

how bacteriaphage infect bacteria cell? There is three phase for this virus to infect the bacteria cell. The first phase is absorbtion and penetration phase. In this phase, virus's terminal tail attach / absorb to bacteria's cell wall and then virus release some enzyme which penetrate bacteria cell wall. Then, virus release its genomic information called DNA / RNA into bacteria cell.

Second phase is called replication and assambling phase. This phase is marked by new virus synthesize, its happen when virus gene information was controlled bacteria metabolic process to produce virus nucleic acid.

The last phase is called lisis phase. This phase is marked by the exploded of bacteria's cell, it happen when virus produce more new virus then it makes bacteria cell explode and release new viruses. When new viruses release to environment, it will infect other cell bacteria and start the phase over again.

Women’s lifestyle and Coroner Heart

People say that Heart disease is always suffered by men, but that’s statement is not right. Heart disease is often suffered by women now. This disease of course related by their lifestyle, especially American Women. Based on women’s emancipation, American Women is inclined to have the same lifestyle with the men, such as about the job. In the fact, women who work every day have a high level in their stress and stress can change their lifestyle to the direction of bad lifestyle (bad health). They will not pay attention what they food, what they done. As we know, American food is domination by fast foods. In the fact, fast foods contain of high fat, high cholesterol. So, we will find American women have a problem with overweight, even obesity. Their habits, such as drunker, smoker make them have a bad health.

Women are at risk for heart disease, just like men. In 2001, American cardiologists’s research say that heart disease is leading cause of death among women over 65. American Women are 4 to 6 times more likely to die of heart disease than of breast cancer. Heart disease kills more women over 65 than all cancer combined. Women develop heart problem later in life than men, typically 7 or 8 years later. However, by about age 65, a woman’s risk is almost the same as a man’s.

Coronary heart disease is one of variety of heart disease. Coronary heart disease is causing by plugging of coronary artery. Coronary artery which pumps the blood from heart to the heart muscle, can not do the job. There are many plaque covered the blood vessel, especially coronary artery. The plaque consist of cholesterol and other substances which dissolve in blood, such as calcium, protein, fats, etc. Initialy, the substances and cholesterol dissolve in blood. The blood is pumped from heart to the body. When it’s pumped, there is a substance to be left behind the blood vessel (coronary artery). The plaque will begins large and when it happens, the coronary artery is difficult to channel the blood to the body and the blood can not be pumped. The condition is known as atherosclerosis. Heart will work very hard to pump the blood.

Other research in 1988-1994, American cardiologists say that women have coronary heart disease in 20-24 year, to be amount of 2,8%, when they are over 75, it will be increase until 16,1%. Therefor, women have a big chance to have increasing risk of coronary heart disease, when they begin old. In reproduction time, women have fewer chance than men. It has ratio 1:7, but when women in menopause age, they have the same risk with men. There are the different of heart disease in women and men. It relates with hormone. When women are in the menopause age, the body will begin to decrease the production of estrogen hormone. It causes increasing the risk of coronary heart disease. We know that estrogen hormone gives protection for our heart from coronary heart disease. (C. Straczec, et.al, 2005)

The Heart disease

Bismillah…

Heart disease is a term to describe an abnormality function of the heart. There are many types of heart disease, based on which part of heart that has disorder. The cardiac arrhymias is an abnormal patterns of heart electrical activity that indicating abnormal contractions of heart. The coronary artery disease is the obstruction of coronary circulation, that supply blood to the heart itself, and causing heart attack. The heart attack itself is a condition in which the coronary circulation becomes blocked and the heart muscles cells die because oxygen starvation. The heart failure is a condition in which the heart weakens and its tissues suffer from oxygen and nutrient deprivation. The valvular heart disease (VHD) is a condition caused by abnormal functioning of one of the heart valves.

Heart disease is number one killer at United States, killing one person every 34 seconds. Beside that, it is a deadly disease at England and Wales. Many people from west society do not aware about this dangerous disease, so they keep unhealthy lifestyle. The bad lifestyles such as smoking, drinking too much alcohol, eating foods with high cholesterol, less exercise, and don’t have a good respond on some problem.

Many African Americans, Mexico Americans, American Indians, native Hawaii, and Asian Americans have a higher risk of heart disease than other races. It caused by the genetic history and the higher factor of diabetes and obesity. The other intrinsic factor that can caused heart attack is age and gender.

The Preventive and protective of these disease is: to control our blood pressure regularly, lower your cholesterol with eat right, don't smoke, and get enough exercise.

Gilang K. 10604052

Heart Disease and Causes

Heart disease is a scary disease in the world. Many people in the world die because of heart disease. Per year, more than 478000 Americans die because of heard disease in United States , and in the world peoples who get heart disease keep on increases. Many factor cause people to get heart disease, such as smoking, high blood pressure, cholesterol, obesity, drinking alcohol, stressful situations, people who are not active, age, gender and many more.

In a biology manner, heart disease can happen when coronary arteries which nourish the heart with oxygen rich blood are pressed. It could be happen when coronary arteries become blocked by atheroma (plak who block coronary arterise which form by cholesterol, calcium and many more substance who be piles or stacks on coronary arteries). Besides of atheroma, coronary arteries are pressed also can happen by trombus (congeal blood(thrombosis cell) are causes wound on coronary arteries). Pressed Coronary arteries also caused by external factor.

The causes of pressed coronary arteries are:
1.Smoking. Because the flow of the chemical substance from cigarette at artery can make thrombosits become sticky and form clumps.

2.Consuming food which have high fat. Because fat can be cholesterol and cholesterol will be plak on coronary arteries.

Alcohol also influences heart disease. People who drinking too much alcohol have a greater risk of heart attack, because alcohol can raise blood pressure, and increasing of blood pressure makes heart work faster, not work as usually.
People who are not active also have a greater risk of heart attack than do people who exercise regularly. Reason, exercise regularly can helps to control cholesterol levels. Old people and man have a greater risk of heart than young people and women. But, young people and women also have a heart attack.

Some Risk Factors of Heart Disease

Heart disease also called Cardiovascular disease was the number one killer in US. About 2600 people in US die every day of this disease. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease causes 12 million deaths in the world each year. It was a serious problem that we as a researcher have to solve together to reduce the death cases which cause of this disease.
After many studies involving thousands of patients, researchers have found certain factors that play an important role in a person's chances of developing heart disease, these are called risk factor. Risk factors are divided into two categories: major factor and contributing factor. Major risk factors are those that have been proven to increase your risk of heart disease. Contributing risk factors are those that doctors think can lead to an increased risk of heart disease, but their exact role has not been defined.
The Major risk factors are : High Blood Pressure (Hypertension), High blood Cholesterol, Diabetes, Obesity and Overweight, Smoking, Physical Inactivity, Gender, Heredity, and Age. High blood pressure can increase your risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. It’s also make your emotional unstabil. Too many Cholesterol in your blood could make a plaque on artery walls. If it was built in the coronary arteries that supply blood to your heart, you are at greater risk of having heart disease. The American Heart Association estimates that 65% of patients with diabetes die of some form of cardiovascular disease. Extra weight is thought to lead to increased total cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Research has shown that smoking increases heart rate, tightens major arteries, and can create irregularities in the timing of heartbeats, all of which make your heart work harder. People who are not active have a greater risk of heart attack than do people who exercise regularly. Exercise burns calories, helps to control cholesterol levels and diabetes, and may lower blood pressure. According to some research, men have a higher risk of heart attack than women. Heart disease also tends to run in families, if your parents have a heart disease, you will probably have this disease too. Older age is a risk factor for heart disease. As we age, our hearts tend to not work as well.
The Contributing risk factors are : Stress and Alcohol. Researchers have identified several reasons why stress may affect the heart. Stressful situations raise your heart rate and blood pressure, increasing your heart's need for oxygen. Studies have shown that the risk of heart disease in people who drink moderate amounts of alcohol is lower than in nondrinkers.

Human being need science

Human need science. We can live in the world well by science. As human being, we need clothes, food, and residence. We get whole we need by science. For example; clothes are made from veil and veil are made from cotton. making clothes use machine. So many processes and utility making clothes. the processes and utility made by technology, technology is an applying of some theories by means science. So, human need science.

Nowadays, development of science directs to information technology and molecular biology. There are so many experiments are developing for better life. Such as “human genom project”. Scienties of Molecular biology sequenced the human genom and it has been done in purpose molecular diagnostic. In other way, development of telecommunication products become increased in order to people can communicate anywhere, anytime.

In my opinion, people who has statement “experiment is only spend the cost and time are not correct.” because we need science and without doing experiment we will never know. Indeed, most researches spend much money but we got benefit by doing experiment, moreover those can make our life better.

Evah Luviah (10604101)

the main factors causing heart disease in Western Countries

Heart disease is a number of abnormal conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels in the heart. One of the most common forms of heart disease is coronary artery disease or heart attack which is what happened when the coronary arteries or arterioles become blocked or broken, so that blood no longer reaches an area of heart muscle. It has a very high occurrence in Western countries such as America, with about 88.000 cases per year. There are certain factors causing the high number of heart disease cases in Western country. These factors are mainly related to human bad habit such as smoking, poor eating habits that leads to obesity, lack of physical activity, and stress.
About one third of the annual deaths from heart attack in America are due to smoking. The nicotine from cigarette could increase the heart rate and constrict the blood vessels, causing blood pressure to increase. Nicotine also stimulates the release of a hormone that causes the kidneys to retain water, which can further raise blood pressure. In addition, nicotine increases the tendency of blood platelets to form clots that could plug an artery. High blood pressure and excessive clots are two highly related factors that can trigger a heart attack.
Almost all Western people have poor eating habit; they eat a lot of red meat but less vegetable. This habit could lead to obesity, a condition of someone being very fat in a way that is not healthy. When someone is obese, the level of cholesterol in their body is imbalance with its removing substance, so the excess builds up along the walls of blood vessels, contributing to deposits called plaques. Plaques cause the thickening of blood vessels walls as well as damaging it, activating the formation of blood clot which could block the blood flow in the coronary artery. As a result, the heart muscle will suffer from a lack of oxygen and nutrition which will cause heart attack.
Unfortunately, the poor eating habit of many western people is not balanced by adequate physical activity. When people do physical activity, they burn the calories derived from what they eat. The amount of calories burned is equivalent with the intensity of that activity. Thus, lack of physical activity that occurs among Western people made calories being deposited in their body in the form of fat instead of being burned, and when the number of fat is getting too much, they can plug the arteries and cause heart attack. That is why, the combinations of poor eating habits and lack in physical activity can be fatal for our heart.
Stress is a pressure or worry caused by the problems in someone’s life and is commonly found among people who live in a highly busy and demanding environment like in almost all Western countries. Stress could affect the health of our heart, even though it is not in a direct way. When people are under stress, they tend to do things that might help them cope with it. Regrettably, those things are usually activities that can trigger heart disease such as smoking, uncontrollable eating behavior, and the lack of motivation to even do a slight move of the body. Moreover, physiologically, when people are under stress, some of their organs or organ systems may not work properly, thus increasing the blood pressure which is a leading factor to a heart attack.
Almost all factors causing heart disease in Western countries comes from human bad habits. However, those bad habits are not impossible to control. If we quit or do less smoking, exercise regularly, eat fruits and vegetables as well as reduce the intake of saturated fats, and live a happy life, we could reduce the risk of heart attack.

Correlations between Western Lifestyle and Heart Disease

Heart disease is one of killing factors in the world. Basically, this caused by our daily activity that’s called lifestyle. Based on wrongdiagnosis.com data, heart diseases were attacking the Western populations with bigger victims than Eastern population. This has been placed in the number one killing factor in USA. So I think, Western populations are having higher risk attacked by heart problems. Western populations with their modern lifestyle make the problems become more serious. In other side, the western lifestyle also become the most leading risk factor of heart disease in others society.

Western Culture may help to explain Western populations risk about heart problems. The culture is about what their consumptions (diet) and daily activity (exercise). Based on their culture, western society is taking more cholesterol, nicotine, and alcohol in their consumptions. It becomes worst by lack of exercise and higher rate of stress. All of that factors are some of risk factors that scientist believe can cause heart disease. For example, Geographic pathology shows that adult populations with a high regular intake of milk (non-low fat), such as was customary in Scandinavia and in part of the Western world, have a higher risk of heart disease.

Heart disease is a phenomenon of a 'Western' lifestyle, associated with malnutrition, in the sense of poor dietary habits, lack of exercise and the use of drugs such as nicotine and alcohol. Western as a leader in modern lifestyle is likely hard to stop their unhealthy lifestyle. The shadow effect is like these data’s. Based on some researchers, fifty-six million American women have high cholesterol, 33% of women have high blood pressure, and 62% of women are overweight. According to national surveys of alcohol consumption in the prior 30 days, over half of U.S. adults drank alcohol. Furthermore, approximately 5% of the total population drank heavily and 15% of the population engaged in binge drinking. These are just little examples that mean they have higher risk.

As we know, Western Society is a leader in heart disease prevention too. But, the fruits of their effort have risen yet. They will be never get it until they leaving their unhealthy lifestyle. Although they are developing some high technology to cure this, it’s become uses less.

Based on Western lifestyle has contributed to heart disease risk factor in the whole world, especially in eastern society which has acculturated with western culture. China with a large population is the match example. This acculturation can be attributed to the changing lifestyle in China. Younger people and children eat more unhealthy Western style food and because of increasing wealth, take less exercise. In the past, children in China would have to walk long distances to school but now in the cities it is often the case that parents drive their children to school. The indirect effect is the overweight people become higher.

Finally, Heart disease is a phenomenon of a 'Western' life style, associated with malnutrition, in the sense of poor dietary habits, lack of exercise and the use of drugs such as nicotine and alcohol consumption. So, making changes in our unhealthy lifestyle is a proven method for reducing our risk of developing heart disease. While there are no guarantees that a heart-healthy lifestyle will keep heart disease away, these changes will certainly improve our health in other ways, such as improving our physical and emotional well being. Also, because some risk factors are related to others, making changes in one area can benefit other areas. (<>.<>)

By Ibnu Purniawan (10205039)

Heart Disease

Heart disease is a broad term that includes several more specific heart conditions such as coronary heart disease, heart attack, arrhythmias, heart failure, aortic aneurysm, and others. Heart disease is a serious condition. About 5 million people in the U.S. have this disease. It contributes to 300,000 deaths each year. Heart disease can be caused by several factors. The most contributing factors of heart disease in western society are heredity, cholesterol, life style, and stress.

Heredity (including race) is the major cause of heart disease in the western society. For example, African Americans have more severe high blood pressure therefore a higher risk of heart disease. It is also higher among Mexican Americans, American Indians, native Hawaiians and some Asian Americans. This is partly due to higher rates of obesity and diabetes. People with a history of heart disease in the family have bigger chance to inherit it

Cholesterol is an important substance which is needed by the body but it can be harmful it it’s too much. It is produced by liver or consumed from food. The rate at which the body processes cholesterol and the consumption of high-cholesterol food (such as ham, eggs, fast food, junk food), can cause the excessive amount of cholesterol in one’s body. In this case cholesterol is deposited in arteries, including those of the heart. This can lead to narrowing of the arteries and to causing heart disease.

An unhealthy lifestyle is a factor for coronary heart disease. Unhealthy lifestyle such as lack of exercise, alcohol drinking, smoking, and high-cholesterol food consumption can cause high blood pressure or obesity; which can lead to heart disease. Regular, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity helps to prevent heart and blood vessel disease. This, plus eating healthy food, can help control blood cholesterol, diabetes and obesity, as well as help lower blood pressure in some people.

A research in U.S has noted there is a relationship between stress and heart attack. The state of stress may not be classified as the real factor of heart disease but it can establish other factors. For example people under stress may overeat, start smoking, and drinking alcohol. Western society lives in condition where stress could come easily, because of high level of pollution, stressful business, etc...

For conclusion, heart disease can be caused by many factors. Some factors that may contribute more heart disease in western society are heredity, cholesterol, unhealthy lifestyle, and stress. Some factor may treat or control but some others may not. Generally, heart disease can be treated. But it is far wiser to prevent it by reducing the risk.

Heart Disease Factors in United States

In the United States, more than 60 million Americans have some form of heart disease. Heart disease usually known by cardiovascular disease. About 2600 people die every day of cardiovascular disease. Cancer, the second largest killer, accounts for only half as many deaths(Texas Heart Institute).

Coronary artery disease, the most common form of cardiovascular disease, is the leading cause of death in America today. Certain factors that play an important role in a person's chances of developing heart disease are called by risk factor. Many risk factors can cause it. They divide to major factors and contributing factor.

1. Major factors

1. High blood pressure increases risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. Though other risk factors can lead to high blood pressure, can have it without having other risk factors.

2. Cholesterol, a fat-like substance carried in blood, is found in all of body’s cells. Liver produces all of the cholesterol body needs to form cell membranes and to make certain hormones. Extra cholesterol enters body when eat foods that come from animals (meats, eggs, and dairy products). Too much low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad cholesterol") in the blood causes plaque to form on artery walls, which starts a disease process called atherosclerosis. When plaque builds up in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart, are at greater risk of having a heart attack.

3. Diabetes especially in the case of adult-onset or Type II diabetes (also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes). Certain racial and ethnic groups (African Americans, Hispanics, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans) have a greater risk of developing diabetes.

4. Obesity increases chances of developing other risk factors for heart disease, especially high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes.

5. Smoking increases heart rate, tightens major arteries, and can create irregularities in the timing of heartbeats, all of which make heart work harder. Smoking also raises blood pressure, which increases the risk of stroke in people who already have high blood pressure. Although nicotine is the main active agent in cigarette smoke, other chemicals and compounds like tar and carbon monoxide are also harmful to heart in a variety of ways. These chemicals lead to the buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries, possibly by injuring the vessel walls. And they also affect cholesterol and levels of fibrinogen, which is a blood-clotting material. This increases the risk of a blood clot that can lead to a heart attack.

6. People who are not active have a greater risk of heart attack than do people who exercise regularly. Exercise burns calories, helps to control cholesterol levels and diabetes, and may lower blood pressure.

7. Men have a higher risk of heart attack than women. But the difference narrows after women reach menopause. After the age of 65, the risk of heart disease is about the same between the sexes when other risk factors are similar.

8. Risk factors (including high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity) may also be passed from one generation to another.

9. Older age is a risk factor for heart disease. In fact, about 4 of every 5 deaths due to heart disease occur in people older than 65.

2. Contributing Risk Factors

1. Stressful situations raise heart rate and blood pressure, increasing the heart's need for oxygen. This need for oxygen can bring on angina pectoris, or chest pain, in people who already have heart disease.

2. Sex hormones appear to play a role in heart disease. Among women younger than 40, heart disease is rare. But between the ages 40 and 65, around the time when most women go through menopause, the chances that a woman will have a heart attack greatly increase. From 65 onward, women make up about half of all heart attack victims.

3. People who drink moderate amounts of alcohol are lower than in nondrinkers. Experts say that moderate intake is an average of one to two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women

Factors of Heart Disease in Western Country

In America (USA) for example, Heart disease is America's number one killer, taking as many lives as almost everything else combined. Every day, 3,000 Americans suffer from heart attacks, and more than 1,200 of them die. Those who don't die often suffer another heart attack later. Not only in USA, but also in Europe or others country. Many causes that contribute heart disease in western country . Most of the causes are smoking,inactive, and fatty diet (compound of meat).
People in europe or USA usually consumes daily products which contain high proteins and carbohydrates such as meat and milk, or fat and cholesterol in dairy product. Both cholesterol and saturated may increase blood levels of cholesterol and increase the formation of plaque (blockages) in arteries .That are linked to cause heart disease. "International statistics indicate that there is a close correlation between the consumption of saturated fats (dairy fats and meat fats) and the mortality from coronary heart disease, and this conception has been confirmed by many epidemiological studies," or we can see from other journal that says, In a study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, researchers wrote, "Much evidence suggests that high consumption of full-fat dairy products is likely to increase coronary heart disease risk" and noted that "there are strong reasons to believe that a causal association does exist." Also we know from "It is clear that saturated fats, mainly dairy fats, are closely associated with the mortality rate from ischaemic heart disease," wrote researchers in the Journal of Internal Medicine. Many more of journals which had been taken from research that show or prove the number factors which contributes of heart disease is cosnuming fat products.
Other causes is smoking. Almost of western people like to smoke cigarrete’s or tobacco pipes because of for pleasure, to satisfy a nicotine addiction, for ritualistic or social purpose, or for self-medication. Sometimes they just smoke to release a stress or some smokers argue that the depressant effect of smoking allows them to calm their nerves, often allowing for increased concentration. However, according to the Imperial College London, "Nicotine seems to provide both a stimulant and a depressant effect, and it is likely that the effect it has at any time is determined by the mood of the user, the environment and the circumstances of use”. Nicotine is very danger for our healthy, because nicotine is addictive stimulant which could impact the physic or physcological. Nicotine contains of carsinogenic which can cause lung cancer or heart disease. Smokers assumed that it could make them feel relax, comfort, and to calm their nerves. But from research says that only for a moment, because they still have to wait for the dangerous impact which could make them suffer later. The other dangerous of smoking is not only for active smokers but also healthy people who stand up or stay near the smokers may have the same problem too, heart disease. This calles, “passive smoking”, it’s truly more dangerous than active smokers, if the active smokers may be ensured that positive have a heart disease, the passive one is in unlucky condition. Why the passive one may have the more dangerous impact?, the passive one or we can called the secondhand, has clinically important effect on susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (kind of heart disease). They smoke the tobacco indirectly. Unrealized the smoke get into the lung and influence the heart too. This can be more danger if the victim has an asthma. It could be worst. For example, the news was taken from some source said that a woman who had asthma died in workplace after being exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.
Inactivity could be the other factor which contribute the heart disease. Actually, this inactivity is related with the obesity. Obesity happened if people love to eat fat products but they don’t balance it with activities. Usually, they dislike to do some sports, so it could make them have obesity. This obesity may cause heart disease too. Over grease may blocked the vein of blood to heart. Heart will heavy to pump the blood, then the blood will not entry enough to the heart and it may become the chest pain for the patient.
There are still many more factors that contribute heart disease. We can decrease it, if we do a prevention act. Some example of prevention act, such as, eat right, quit smoking, and get active. Eat right means that consumed a nutritious food, such as vegetables, fish, and fruits. Quit smoking should start from now, because healthy is very hard to reach. Get active means that we should do activities, do some sports, to keep our bodies metabolism well. So that, heart disease can be prevented and mortality can be decreased. Not only people in western country, but also people in all of the world.

Written by,

Putri Utami

(10205049)

The Risk Factors to Heart Disease

By: Erik Sentosa - 10203073

Since the intensity of activities increased, health has been an auxiliary priority for us. Many of us, especially who live in a boom town, put other things such as wealth, career and socialization foremost. The ignorance about health may lead us to some diseases that we don’t really aware that we may have already possessed. Heart disease is one of them. Medical experts believe that heart disease is caused by several things such as unhealthy lifestyle, overweight, stress and high blood cholesterol.

Many people live an unhealthy life without realizing it, these can be factors that increase the risk of getting a heart disease. The risk we are contending dilated by living with lack of exercise and rest. A good proportion between appropriate exercise and sufficient duration of sleep should avoid us from getting heart disease. Smoking is also a potential behavior that may lead to heart disease. Exposure to fumes containing free radicals may promote the growth of some plaques, while severe carbon monoxide intoxication limits the heart's utilization of oxygen.

Overweight or obesity is a risk factor for heart disease, which usually caused by consuming too much food without nutritive coordination. People who are overweight are less inclined to exercise. They are also probably consuming large quantities of refined foods which may cause biochemical imbalances that lead to overweight. It can be avoided by eating nutrient-dense foods and keeping sweets to a minimum.

Stress, the thing that most people be contemptuous of, is also one of the risk factors. Many doctors have noticed that heart attack strikes in the months just after severe emotional trauma such as failed marriage, bankruptcy and intense disappointment. Grief changes many aspects of the body chemistry, compromising the strength of our antibody system and making us more vulnerable to all sorts of diseases. Stress can be reduced by doing simple things such as setting a vacation periodically and having a healthy social life.

High blood cholesterol is caused by consuming too much food that contains oxidized cholesterol. Cholesterol occurs when these foods processed in high temperature. This kind of cholesterol could accumulate in cells and involved in the pathogenic plaque assemblage. Controlling our consuming habit could help us preventing the potential of getting high blood cholesterol.

These are several risk factors of heart disease followed by several ways to avoid getting them. Living a healthy life is never easy, but trying to live a healthy life by avoiding these risk factors could increase the expectancy of living a longer and healthier life.

Task 3

The Life Style of Western Sociaty

Heart disease is a scary disease in the world. Usually people in age of 60 are certain to get heart disease, because age is one of factor. But, now people in age of 40 get into a heart disease too. It can be happen because of modern style like western society. Several habit like consuming fast food which have high faty substance, more smoking, an alcoholic, an hard worker, stress and less of physical exercise. But actually these case are the factors to get heart disease.

Consuming fast food which have high faty substance make cholesterol get tombed into the wall of vena and makes aterosklerosis which potential to get heart disease. Let’s start from health life style such as consuming more vegetable, fiber food, fruit, rice plant and fish to get away from a heart disease.

Smoking will makes the big change to get heart desease. Because the smoke would make elasticity of vena become less, that is way artery become more compact, and also increase the blood liquidity which potential get heart desease. A smoker have twice higher potential from suffering heart desease than unsmoker.

An alcolollic make high intensity to get heart desease. More alcohol make blood pressure increase, heart become weak, thick of blood and make artery in convulsions. Increasing of blood pressure makes heart work faster and then make blood sirculation become faster in our body. That is why heart become weak and can not work as usuall.

People who work harder have big change get heart disease. Because work harder makes people become stess in the work place. More load of work, obsession of work, more task in working make people work harder and harder, and become stess later. Research of University College London says that 2/3 people which below 50 of age who have stress in work place are capable get heart desease. And 68% people who have more load of work but less of payment are capable get heart desease than people who have more load of work but fairly of payment.

Less of physical exercise makes body became fat. Because faty substance will tombed under skin of tissue. Another reason fat will capable get into obeysity problem which so risky. Imagine if our body do not get any exercise like physical exercise but, food or even faty food also be a main menu for us everyday. Will it become a right things? I think no at all. As we know faty food contain a high faty substance and also underlimit from require. Beside we so lazy to get some sport as a physical exercise in order to burn faty substance in our body in right and healthy way.

created by : Aline (10205062)

Lifestyle factors which can contribute to heart disease

Heart disease is a number of abnormal conditions affecting the heart and the blood vessels in the heart. It is one of the worrying disease recently. As of 2007, it is the leading cause of death in the United States, England, and Wales, killing one person every 34 seconds in the United States alone. Extensive clinical and statistical studies have identified several factors that increase the risk of heart disease. Some of them can be modified, treated or controlled, and some can't. Some major risk factors which can modify, treat or control by changing lifestyle are tobacco smoke use, drink alcohol, physical inactivity, etc.

Smokers' risk of developing coronary heart disease is 2–4 times that of nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking is a powerful independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary heart disease. Smokers have about twice the risk of nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking also acts with other risk factors to greatly increase the risk for coronary heart disease. People who smoke cigars or pipes seem to have a higher risk of death from coronary heart disease and possibly stroke but their risk isn't as great as cigarette smokers'. Exposure to other people's smoke increases the risk of heart disease even for nonsmokers.

Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure, cause heart failure and lead to stroke. It can contribute to high triglycerides, cancer and other diseases, and produce irregular heartbeats. It contributes to obesity, alcoholism, suicide and accidents.

An inactive lifestyle is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Regular, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity helps prevent heart and blood vessel disease. The more vigorous the activity, the greater your benefits. However, even moderate-intensity activities help if done regularly and long term. Physical activity can help control blood cholesterol, diabetes and obesity, as well as help lower blood pressure in some people.

Riddar Kurnia (10205029)

Benefit of space exploration

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Space exploration is the quest using astronomy and space technology to discover the nature of the universe beyond the earth. Space exploration has been spending very much money, time and effort of humankind. Some people thought that space exploration seem like investigating and researching something with so few benefits. Spending resources on space lack of meaning, otherwise conditions and people on earth need more being concerned. On the other hand, scientists have their own opinion why exploring the space is actually important object. This essay will show why space exploration gives a lot of benefit for humanity although it needs huge resources to be performed.

Space exploration has been doing since fourth century BCE, through ancient astronomy—the studying of the millions of stars and neighboring planets. However, the launch of the first artificial satellites was begun in 1957. The first human went into space in 1961. Since that time, astronauts and cosmonauts could be ventured on space and exploring it in greater length of time. Nevertheless, there are some places that human could not go, leading scientist to use robotic to explore it. Unpiloted spacecraft also could be used to utilize the exploration of the moons, comets, and asteroids. These explorations used advance of new technologies and indispensable tools such a rocket.
Space explorations needs huge resources and have malignant risk, however, scientist keep searching the way to conduct space exploration more cheaply and efficiently. Space explorations have used a variety of advanced technologies, very detailed planning and measurements to attain the goal. Sophisticated technologies are needed to provide electrical power for running onboard systems. In addition, human faces many challenges to conduct space exploration. These challenges include communicating with earth and other spacecraft, adapting to space environment that lack of gravity for scientific experiments and other tasks, and working within cumbersome spacesuits. Moreover, they need to be extraordinary train to conduct those tasks. In consequences, most important aspect of space exploration is its cost. Millions of dollars must be allocated to the exploration of the space, result in these exploration depend on a nation’s economic vitality. In response to the high cost of space access, renewed efforts should be developed such as reusable space vehicle, creating robotic and even consortium of nations.
Space exploration needs extraordinary effort to be carried out, but it has a number of reasons why exploring the space is important object. Perhaps, the best reason for exploring space is the chance of humans heightened percentage for survival. Though earth the only planet known can sustain life, otherwise, greatly adaptive ability of human would allow the other planet and moon to become inhabited. The exploration of space also allows the creative, the brave, and the intelligence of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. In addition, space exploration provides knowledge about how the universe was formed and how it works. Knowledge about space hold the danger may strike and destroy earth, because of hitting by comet and asteroid. The chance to save ourselves might not exist if we did not have knowledge about space. Additionally, by exploring the space artificial satellite could be placed into orbit around earth, other planets and sun. As known that artificial satellites play key roles in the communications industry, in military intelligence, and even in the scientific study of both earth and outer space. Finally, space exploration can unite several nations for increasing space activity. One example the cooperation is the International Space Station (ISS) in which United States, Russia, Canada, Japan, and the European Space Agency (ESA) have all contributed to the space station’s construction.
The future of space exploration depends on many things. It depends on how technology evolves, partnerships between nations, and how important the public feels space exploration is. Moreover, space exploration highly depends on the rising generation and the value that they hold especially is the benefit for humanity.

Listening to the radio

I like listening to the radio. Listening to the radio could make me laugh because the presenters often talking about funny stuffs. From radio, I can know the latest news and movie review every month. Even more, I also can request a song and participate in giving an opinion for topic of the day. By listening to radio, I can still focus on my studying and even more gives me positive environment to study even harder.
However, two things will make me dislike the radio. First, when a bad presenter broadcast in the radio. This happens when the presenter do not have what it takes to attract the listener and when they start imitating other presenter from overseas. Secondly, when they start give horror movie advertisements. Even though, radio gives me any negative mood sometime, but it mostly cheers me up and encourages me a lot.

Is Space Exploration Worth The Cost?

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Space Exploration can be acquired with divine
inspiration and imagination for the future

Space exploration in the fact as not same as
Earth exploration, is it?

My synthesis: Space Exploration is impossible because contravenes a well physical law about gravity and Newton's Law because space is haven't gravity

My Antithesis: If Space Exploration possible it must be able to be in contradiction and fight the physical law about gravity

Because of that Space exploration program generally is absolutely worth the cost

On the contrary, If we get the best technology to exploration. The benefit can cover up the cost because maybe we will find
mineral and material such as oil and gasses.
If we haven't anything from space exploration, maybe
we get a sciences that on my perspective is given a
big price and supermassive value for human

_Sabilly Handi Pradana (10205055)_

Grand Unified Passion. Physics and Hiphop.

Dear all, I want to represent you something about what I likes and dislikes, one of the childish male in Study Program of Physics ITB. Before that let me introduce myself, my fullname is Sabilly Handi Pradana just call me Billy, my age is nineteen. Sorry me, if my English is not well to all of you. Back to the topic, based on my experiences about my study program, I crazy over physics because it can show me the beauty of universe with Schrodinger and Maxwell Equations, history and philosophy especially Cosmology and Nuclear/Cosmic Background Radiation. Generally, the topics that I mentioned describe how the universe begin it's called Bigbang and what happens after that.
Let us talk about my habitual activities, my activities is doing something prefer like mathematics programming with C++, design with PhotoShop and Corel Draw, and do my homework with computer and my hobby is listening hiphop. I Really love HIPHOP. My favorite hiphop group is HOMICIDE from Bandung City because there are group not such a trash about rap on the others, there show freestyle and do rap with political-idiom addition such as revolution, anti-anarchy, anti-neoliberalism. I can stand mobs of pushy people and its called "moshing". To increase my skill about hiphop, I be able to write rhyme or lyrics and do rap in English especially in my mothertongue Indonesian language. That's right, hiphop on my perspective can be charge my spirit to always do my habitual activities with smile and passion.
On the other hand, I don't like dirty animal, I really screamous if facing bug/roaches because it carrying a virus/bacterial that can make a diseases.

-Sabilly Handi Pradana (10205055)-

Space Exploration. Do mankinds really need it?

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Space exploration had been happened since the Cold War. It firstly started between the USA and the USSR (Russia). At that time, both superpowers countries wanted to be the best in the ‘space race’. But after 1970s, USSR stopped all of their programs related with space exploration because they were lack of financial resources, due to the big amount needed for the investment on space exploration. Therefore, USA had no opponent to beat, since then the U.S. government asked NASA to begin to reduce their investment on space exploration. On January 14, 2004, President George W. Bush announced that the fundamental goal of space exploration was to advance U.S. scientific, security and economic interests through a space exploration program. I believe that space exploration do not overweigh the massive cost that involved. Even tough, there are billions of people on Earth who are struggling hard just simply to live.

Space exploration has brought mankind a lot of benefits. For example, the satellite functions in communication. Without the existence of satellites, it would be possible for mankind to communicate inter continent, to predict about the weather in a specific region on a period of time, and also to use the GPS as a navigation system. If there were no space exploration, there would be no satellites. Imagine how difficult it is when mankind has to use land transportation just to send message to another in a different continent and how if there is no prediction of tomorrow’s weather, should we bring an umbrella or not? That’s simply the day-to-day mankind question.

Yet, some people believe that the launching of satellites is different than the space exploration. The launching of satellites, nowadays are mostly commercial. They are launched by private companies and the cost of satellites itself is maintained by the profits which they lead to. While, true space exploration is subsidized by the government and could never be commercial.

However, despite the amount of money that seems to overweigh, (According to NASA’s budget request on 2007, the total amount needed for space exploration is around $16,000 million per year), mankind has been brought a lot of indirect benefit by the space exploration. For example, the indirect benefits are the development of micro-chip and the modern computer, the practical fuel-cells as a power source, and also the effects of zero-gravity in understanding the human body.

In conclusion, even though the amount of money seems to be really massive, there are plenty of benefits that are able to use by mankind, which some of them are priceless. In order to advance mankind’s financial statements, also to advance the technologies and security to keep our Earth clean and peace, space exploration is still needed for a couple years ahead.

Global Warming

Nowadays, the weather changes not as usual, it is unpredictable. The Climate changes because of Global Warming. Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. Global warming happened because the development of technology and the uses of technology by people unwisely and wastefully.

Technology that causes Global warming is technology that unfriendly to environment, such as vehicles and industries those are using fossil-fuel. Those technologies produce CO₂ and will increase the concentration of CO₂ in our atmosphere. Due to the increase of CO₂ it made our atmosphere absorb more heat, and the impact is the increase in the average temperature in our earth. And it became worse because many people don’t care about the environment and use those technologies unwisely and wastefully.

Actually people make technology for a good purpose and people need. Not to make something harmful. People make vehicles to make transportation easier and faster. People make an industry to produce goods that useful for mankind.

However global warming unavoidable. In the future people should care about the environment not only for their pleasure. People should think about friendly technology to environment. Not only that, it also necessary to control the using of fossil-fuel, to reduce the effect of global warming.

I Love Playing Games

I love playing games. It makes me feel happy and comfortable, not only that, playing games also can release stress after school or some activities that exhaust and make me stress. I feel that playing games can make me relax and refresh my mind. There are several games that I usually play like card games, board games and PC games.

I love playing games with my friends than playing them by myself, because with many people it will be more fun. While playing with many people, we can chat or share some stories and also laugh together. So we can express ourselves in the game, like laughing when we win or maybe getting mad when we lose. However becoming a winner or a loser doesn't really matter because in my opinion by expressing ourselves we can release stress. The most important thing in playing games is that we can keep interact with people and share our happiness.