Ecology Analysis of Saguling's Reservoir

Abstract

Saguling’s Reservoir, like Citarum’s River, have benefits to societies. Act of determining for ecology standard in Saguling’s Reservoir can be an input to societies in case utilizing the water and effort to conservation that reservoir. This research is using phsyic and chemistry methods in order to determine the ecology standard. Quality of water influenced by factor od physical chemistry, like temperature, conductivity, pH, CO2, BOD, DO, the organic contents of water and substrate, TSS and water organisms, like bentos and plankton. Saguling’s Reservoir have temperature tolerance 31.893750C, conductivity 925.13125, pH 7.88475, CO2 13.326375 mg/L, DO 2.458325 mg/L, BOD 3.32225 mg/L, substrate content 0.0107 g/L, TSS 0.17475 g/L, dan H’ bentos 1.671216. Ecology standard of water in Saguling’s Reservoir for whole of station is hard filthy.

Keywords : Saguling’s Reservoir, Citarum’s River; Ecology Standard
Very good

Abstract

Mobile Robot Development with Teleprocessing

Unmanned vehicle, in mobile robot manifestation, is widely used in monitoring and exploration purpose. Also robotics is widely developed field that grow in computer science trend so that it needs high level data processing (many data and fast processing). Generally microcontroller has not enough memory and MIPS (million instructions per second) to perform high level data processing, but a computer is so weight to be embedded into small robot. Therefore, tele-processing robot has been developed in this research; robot only process motoric motion while data processing is done in separated computer.

Developed robot system consist of (i) host computer with interface hardware and software to the RF transmitter, and (ii) the robot, it consist of body that capable to crossing the rough surface, RF receiver, DC motor controller, power supply, and transmitter wireless camera.

Testing had been done to obtain information about robot’s performance and to test tele-processing ability. Robot can be controlled up to 50 m in open space, able to ascend diagonal plane up to 20° in elevation and stair-case up to 3 cm in height. Program base on image processing for black line follower robot and red ball follower robot had been made to test the tele-processing ability. Robot follows black line and red ball successfully with other four colored balls in background.

Keywords : mobile robot, telemetry, image processing.

By : Ihwanulhasan B Adi
10205057

Space explorations

Earth is the planet that can be occupied by human life. Outside of the earth is an empty space that consist a lot of space things such as stars, asteroid, moon, planet, etc. Also we can get a lot of knowledge by studying the space. In order to explore the space and using it for human needs, people must improve their knowledge about the universe and do some research in astronomical science about. Space exploration can give us knowledge and benefit because people can study various things such as: the beginning of universe, galaxies shapes, weather prediction, etc.

Astronomy is important for the earth and also all of organisms stay inside. That science can calculate space things movement and dynamics, can also define position that things to time. Space object like asteroid or meteor, sometimes can give us threat, because those objects often leave their orbit and than hitting the earth. It can be natural disaster in few regions of worlds but give large affect to human life.

Satellite is one of result and also tools by space explorations. Several devices has been located in above the ground, flying in gravitationless altitude. Satellite is useful for various astronomical needs, because study and research about space and also exploring the space is using astronomy. Beside that purpose, satellite development is important in weather monitoring and also earth mapping. Although consume large cost in develop one satellite and than launching it.

Satellite existence for the owner give many benefit such as : foreign object monitoring and interpolating, weather prediction, proving some universe theory, etc. The science and technology development in one country is indicate by its level in exploring the space. Sometimes space exploration product give more advantages than its building cost.

Abstract

Enriching Uranium Using Gasseous Diffusion Method

Gasseus Diffusion is a method to enrich percent composition of 235-U from 0,71% in natural uranium to be 3 – 5%. In this method, gaseous uranium hexafluoride is forced through semi-permeable membranes. This produces a slight separation between the molecules containing uranium-235 and uranium-238. By use of a large cascade of many stages, high separations can be achieved. It was the first economic enrichment process to be successfully developed.This process is based on the principle that in a closed box, all molecules have the same energy; therefore the lighter molecules, on average, travel faster than the heavier molecules. As a result, the lighter molecules strike the walls of a container more frequently than their heavier counterparts. If a portion of the container consists of a small hole large enough to permit the passage of individual gas molecules, but not so large that a mass flow-through of the gas can occur, then more light molecules than heavy molecules will pass out of the container, since rate of effusion (diffusion to outside the box) is proportional to the inverse square of the mass. The gas leaving the container is somewhat enriched in the lighter molecules, while the residual gas is somewhat depleted.

Task 6 : Parents' Expectations about Child Rearing after Divorce: Does Anticipating Difficulty Deter Divorce?

ABSTRACT:

Divorce is costly for parents because of the challenges of meeting children’s economic and socio-emotional needs after separation. Using the National Survey of Families and Households (N = 1,935), we investigate whether expected economic and parenting costs deter divorce. Mothers expect higher economic costs than fathers, whereas fathers expect more parenting difficulties. The majority of mothers and fathers, however, expect high economic and parenting costs. In a large minority of families mothers and fathers differ in their expected costs. Furthermore, only parenting costs deter divorce, not economic costs, and mothers’ parenting concerns are a greater barrier to divorce than fathers’ concerns when parents disagree. Finally, expected parenting costs are more of a barrier to divorce for unhappy than happy couples.

Task 5

Heart Disease

Heart disease is a hypernym for many kind of different types diseases that affect the heart. Some types of common heart disease are coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, stroke, and congenital heart disease. (anonym1,2008). But generally people just know the stroke as heart disease.

Heart disease is a disease that causing death for both men and women all over the world. The risk factor that contribute to this disease is unhealthy lifestyle, like workaholic, smoking both active or passive, consuming high cholesterol food, drinking alcohol, stress, less of exercise

Now a days, heart disease is the leading cause of death in western society. Like we can see in America, American heart association estimated that 80,700,000 American adults which means one in three have one or more types of cardiovascular disease, 16,000,000 (about 8,700,000 men and 7,300,000 women) Among adults age 20 and older, get the coronary heart disease, and 5,800,000 (about 2,300,000 males and 3,400,000 females) among adults age 20 and older, are stroke. (anonym2, 2008). These all happened because the lifestyle of the western society is supporting the risk factor of heart disease.

Anonym1, 2008, Heart Disease.in Web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_disease
Anonym2, 2008, Statistics. in Web: http://www.americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/1198257493273HS_Stats%202008.pdf

Task: Abstract

Identify Fruit Fly on Hot Pepper

Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) especially Bactrocera spp. was a serious insect pest for many fruits and vegetables in Indonesia. Yield losses due to this pest was about 70 percent. The objective of this research was to identify of Bactrocera spp. species from hot pepper. This experiment was conducted at Lembang, West Java and continued in the laboratory. Randomized Completely Block Design in Factorial was used in this experiment. Manual identification key Cabikey (White and Hancock 1997) used to identify the sample.

Keywords: fruit fly, pest, species identification, hot pepper, Bactrocera

Mutia Ardelia (10604054)

abstract

Bacteria Antiseptic and desinfectant effectivities test

Most of microorganism which patogen has capability to infect and destroy its cell host, one of those is bacteria. Biochemical agent like antiseptic and desinfectant is use for prevent bacteria development. Today there’s many kind of biochemical agent which used in our necessity, so its necessary to know the effectivities of many biochemical agent like dettol, betadine, listerin (antiseptic) and bayclin,domestos (desinfectant) to prevent the bacteria development like E. coli, S.aureus, B.cereus, dan P.aeruginosa. Antiseptic and desinfectant effectivities test is using the Kirby-bauer method which often called Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing.

Abstract

Indonesia sits atop one of the best geothermal heat sources on the earth. Almost 50% geothermal sources placed in Indonesia. Geothermal energy could converted into electrical energy and it can provide 27.000 MW electricity if the sources all used. But, geothermal development has been minimal caused of so many problem to build geothermal power plants. Here, we will talk about the potential of geothermal and the problem to make the power plants include internal and external problem.

task 5

NOS

NOS (Nitrogen Oxide System) is a mechanism to mix N2O with fuel in combustion chamber (http://paultan.org). NOS can provide more oxygen for yields more power.

NOS become like a fever in Indonesia after “The Fast and The Furious” released in Indonesian cinemas. NOS become trend because it can provide much power instantly. But, NOS have a weakness too. NOS can be used only for several seconds or minutes depend on the quality and specification, and also the price is still expensive.

However, if people want to install NOS, they must be considered well. Because this will be like a useless if it installed in car when used only for daily activity. NOS is useful for race car to raise its performance.

Reference:
- www.lextreme.com/turbo.html
- www.akamoto.co.uk/resource-how-nitrous-oxide-works.htm
- http://paultan.org/archives/2006/02/23/how-does-nitrous-oxide-work

Fruit Fly Pest Integrated Management

Fruit Fly Pest Integrated Management

ABSTRACT

Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most serious pests in the world. The fruit flies of the family Tephritidae constitute a group of agricultural pests of worldwide importance, as they attack a wide range of fruits and vegetables. It causes more over 30% crops damage, because the crops become rotten and dried off rapidly.

It has four main life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and imago (adult flies). The most important for spread of fruit fly is imago (adult stage) and larva (maggot stage). Adult female injects the eggs beneath the fruit skins, when the eggs become larva it will eat entire vegetable or fruit. The life cycle becomes the basic information to determine the pest integrated management for fruit fly.

Nowadays, the biological control for fruit fly research still expand. The main purpose is for finding the most effective and safety for environment and human being. The methods are sterile adult male technique, methyl eugenol male attractant, natural enemies (parasite/ parasitoid), trap with bait in a sugar-hydrolyzed protein form.

Keyword: Fruit Fly, Life stage, biological control, methyl eugenol, parasite, parasitoid, trap.

GILANG KINASIHAN 10604052

Change of Aggression Toward Human in Cervus timorensis

ABSTRACT

The change of aggression toward human in deer / Rusa Timor (Cervus timorensis) have been studied in the Nature Reserve and Nature Recreation Park (Taman Wisata Alam) of Pananjung Pangandaran with that in Nature Reserve of Ujung Kulon, as comparison. These locations were selected due to the difference of interaction between Rusa Timor and human in each area.

The study began by observing the aggressive behavior of Rusa Timor using the scan sampling method. Focal sampling, and continuous recording sampling (focal animals-akk occurrences sampling) to determine the time and location of study. The observation was followed by the quotation of the aggression sequences and intensity. To compare the behavior , an observation about minimum-accepted distance of Rusa Timor in Nature Reserve Pananjung and Ranca Upas was carried out. The data analysis was performed in descriptive statistic and modeling.

The result showed that the aggressive behavior was performed by dominant male. Many deer species group into families around the female, with the male often becoming solitary. In Pananjung, Rusa Timor began aggressive with the alteration of feeding behavior. They come close to human, for requiring the feeding. They began eating the food of human, in the fact we know they are herbivories. They ate human’s food from the garbage. It would be found in morning day.

In contrast with Rusa Timor living in Ujung Kulon which has a minimum distance toward human, those who live in Nature Reserve and Nature Recreation Park of Pananjung has lost this distance, which means that there is a stimulus that causes the lost of fearness toward human. The stimulus is the feeding by human, which only occur in Nature Recreation. The changes of Rusa Timor’s behavior is also influenced by the supply of feed. The changes of nature forest began nature recreation also influenced Rusa Timor’s behavior. The opportunity of human to give food directly, make the opportunity of the feeding behavior’s alteration.

Cervus timorensis in Nature Reserve and Nature Recreation of Pananjung Pangandaran have experienced behavioral changes in aggression toward human caused by territority and disturbance from human. The particular stimulus which elicited aggression in the discharge of feeding by human. Therefore, we can conclude that there has been changes from intra-spesies aggression into inter-aggression.

KEYWORD: Cervus timorensis, Aggressive behavior, Pananjung Pangandaran

By: Rizky Ayu Maulani Yusuf (10604098)

Abstract

My thesis topic:

Biner Vector Optimation Transfer of ACC oxidase (ACO) Silencing Gene to The Plant Tissue Pisang Ambon (Musa acuminata sp. AAA) by Agrobacterium Transformation Method.

Abstract

An Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation system was developed for the production of transgenic plant [Musa acuminata sp. AAA]. Callus were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV 3850 with the binary vector pbinSRNACatN, having the kanamycin resistance gene as a selection marker. The kanamycin resistant callus were regenerated 4 to 5 weeks after co-cultivation of explants with Agrobacterium. The step selection procedure allowed the regeneration of callus which were uniformly transformed. The integration of the CaMV gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This process does incorporate steps using in vitro cell cultures or uses micropropagation, which has the important advantage that it allows regeneration of homogeneous populations of plants in a short period of time. This study shows the enormous potential for genetic manipulation of Musa species for inhibiting senescence by limiting ethylene production using RNA interference method.

By :Evah Luviah (10604101)

Frequency of Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO) and Malaria Resistance in Sentani, West Papua

Malaria has been an important natural selection in human population that maintained red blood cell variants in which protect them against malaria. Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO) is one of the red blood cell variants suggested to be a host response to protect against malaria which is common found in Southeast Asia. This erythrocyte variant is caused by a 27-bp deletion of the AE1 gene erythrocyte membrane on chromosome 17 which encode Band 3 protein. However, the mechanism of SAO to protect individual against malaria is remain unclear. In an attempt to provide evidence for the possible role of the SAO trait, the malaria susceptibilities of normal and SAO individual were compared. Observing red cell oval morphology under microscope is still the only accepted basis for diagnosis of SAO. However, errors when detecting and counting morphological SAO are inevitable. Therefore, confirming the result of the morphologically observation by more accurate method such screening SAO of the 27-bp deletion of band 3 gene by PCR method were conducted. Blood sample were collected from Sentani, West Papua. Thin and thick blood smears were stained with Giemsa and examined under binocular light microscope. DNA was isolated from blood blots on filter paper and then used for molecular analysis of the 27-bp deletion of erythrocyte band 3. Result of the survey revealed false positive (14.28%) and false negative (3,93%) while base on morphology diagnosis were compared to molecular method. SAO frequency 7,6% (79/1041) and malaria infection prevalence 16,7% (174/1041) respectively. In total sample, malaria parasite rate is higher in SAO individual (20,3% [16/79]) than in those normal individual (16,4% [158/1041). These results suggested that SAO did not confer resistance to malaria parasite invasion. It might suggest that SAO confer selective advantage at the next stage after parasite invasion, such as bad growth of malaria parasite in ovalocytes and cytoadherence interfere result in prevent cerebral malaria.

Keyword: Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO); Malaria; Band 3 Protein; Papua; Austronesian

Abstract:

By: Erik Sentosa (10203073)

The project was intended to create a home automation that able to be controlled remotely by a cell phone. The automation process requires a PC and a microcontroller. The data processed in the system transferred in serial sequences both wired and wirelessly. All softwares were done in Java and Assembly Programming Language. Microcontroller applied to help the interfacing process between sensors and motors with personal computer, while cell phone connected to receive remotely sent data. Working with hardware tends to be more troublesome than working with software.

Vibration Sensor

Abstract
This sensor was plan to detect vibration with very small displacement.
By using a laser ray that has a nanometer wavelength,
we hoped that this sensor can detect a vibration with high sensitivity.
According to wave theory that was found by Young from his experiment,
"wave can create a bright and dark pattern that cause by interference effect"
With this pattern, we will detect a changing voltage when the ray detector through that area.


Keywords: LASER, phototransistor, interference, vibration

MEASUREMENT DEPTH OF WATER USING ECHO SOUNDER WITH MICROCONTROLLER AT89S52

Abstract
Some areas in Indonesia are very gristle of floods. A solution to solve that problem is to make a device that able to measure the depth of water on some areas. The devices that can be used is Echo Sounder. The work principle of it is using ultrasonic waves, thus the waves will be sent from transmitter and then it will bump a barrier then be reflected to the receiver. The time of starting from transmitter until bump a barrier is half of time (1/2 s). The pulse of time from the receiver will be continued to the Microcontroller AT89S52 which is an Integrated Circuit that has 4 kilo byte of FLASH PEROM. The output of the measurement will be shown to the LCD display. The quantity methods that will be used is generate the pulse of Ultrasonic signal by the timer 555 and then send to transceiver. To put a result on a LCD, C programmed will submitted to the Microcontroller by downloader. The data will collect to check off the accurate of that Echo Sounder. So that the conclusion is Echo Sounder is very benefit to measure the depth of water.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

ABSTRACT

Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI is a painless, non-invasive procedure that is often used to diagnose symptoms that can not be fully understood through laboratory tests. MRI scan can provide the doctor with the important information about the internal organs, joins, spain and brain that are otherwise difficult to examine. MRI is a medical imaging scanner that arranges the nuclei of hydrogen atoms using a powerful magnetic scanner. A pulse of a radio wave will interact with this alligment and get some pattern that are then analyzed by a computer. Procedures of MRI are the important things that you must learn before you going through to take these procedures, including personal medical check up and emotional check up. At once MRI is complete, your trained radiologist will examine your condition from the computer image and report the result to your doctor. Because brain tissues is difficult to examine, MRI commonly used to diagnose the central nervous system including tomours, stroke, alzheimer disease and degenerative diseases.