Plant Tissue Culture

Plant is one of the most important organism in this world, without plant man can’t do nothing. Plant is the primary organism in food chain, plant convert energy from the sun to the carbonic material which used by other organism to get energy. Plant also convert the CO2 gases into O2 which human and other organism used to breath. Because of it’s many uses, people try to increase it’s mass production, especially the commercial plant. But some plant is difficult to cultivated because many plants naturally have sex reproduction which need long time to get it’s seed, for example is the pine tree. To solve this problem people try to cultivate plant without it’s seed.

In last century, many people think develop plant without it’s seed is a imposible things to do. But today we can develop plant without it’s seed, the method called the plant tissue culture. Plant tissue culture is a plant mass production tehnique with isolating some section of the plant like leaves and auxilary buds to cultured in medium which septic and controlled environment (Anonim 1).

The question is how to do plant tissue culture? There was six phase in plant tissue culture, its consist of : explant resources selection, explant sterilization, buds initiation, multipication, rooting and aclimatitation (Anonim 2).

Explant resource selection is the phase when we select the suitable parent material. Parental must in best condition, means the plant was not infected by fungus or bacteria, because it could contaminated the tissue culture.

Next phase is explant sterilization, in this phase all explant material and all tissue culture equipment must be conditioned at septic. It is important to avoid tissue culture from contamination.

Third phase is bud initiation, in this phase explant is cultured in nutrition medium at the optimum environment. Explant would be initiated to form bud.

Fourth phase named multipication, in this phase explant was develop to vew form as shoot, root, or callus. This form is depend to the ratio of two growth hormone auxin and sitokinin. If the ratio of auxin and sitokinin is >1, it means it will form the root . While if the ratio auxin and sitokinin is < 1, it means it will form the shoot. But if the ratio = 1, it means the explant become the callus.

Fifth phase is rooting, in this phase the tissue culture was became the perfect plant which have shoot, stem and root. But usually this plant have’nt strong root yet, so plant is conditioned to form strong root.

The last phase is aclimatitation, in this phase plant from tissue culture was had strong root, then the plant is remove to soil medium (Evans,2003).

Why plant tissue culture being important? Plant tissue culture have some advantages. First, the plant which developed from tissue culture had identity behaviour with it’s parental. Second, using the cell culture we can produce a whole plant from clump of cells artificially which allowing crops to be grown through all seasons. This method also have been permitted a faster growing time and allow us to produce crop that withstand severe conditions (Pighin,2003).

In spite of its advantage, tissue culture also has weakness. First, plant tissue culture is difficult to implementated in nature because sometimes the plant from tissue culture couldn’t resisted in nature condition. Second, this tehnique is still expensive to do, because the material for producing was difficult to get.



References:
Anonim 1. http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/setjen/PUSSTAN/info_5_1_0604/isi_11.hml
Diakses tanggal 2 april 2008
Anonim 2.http://www.indobiogen.or.id/produk/abaka/php diakses tanggal 2 april 2008
Evans, D.E; Coleman, J.O.D; Kearns A.2003. Plant Cell Culture.London. BIOS Scientific Publishers
Pighin, Jamie.2003.Plant Cell Culture.diakses dari http://www.scg.ubc.cu/your_guide_to_plant_cell_culture.html diakses tanggal 2 april 2008